For the Western Europe Countries, though they had excellent air industries, damage of the World War 2nd was heavy and grave.
Since the conpetition between America and Soviet Russia was very severe and violent,
so the Western Europe countries could not develop well advanced jet fighters individually at many case.
They sometimes ought to buy U.S. jet fighters or copies.
Neverthless such a circumstances, Some country succeed to made up jet fighters with self-developped or by correspond efforts for suitable for closed Bordered Europe.
Currently, cost of new fighter inflated awful amounts. So there is much more difficulty to make new one.
Followings are some of their loeus.
Sweden
DRAKEN
VIGGEN
GRIPEN
Cooperation
G-91
JAGUAR
TORNADE
ALPHAJET
TYPHOON
MAKO
United Kingdom
BUCCANEER
LIGHTNING
TSR2
HARRIER
HAWK
France
MIRAGE ‡V
MIRAGE F1
MIRAGE 2000
RAFALE
ETANDARD
Sweden
Saab 35 Draken
The wolf of forest, Draken was one of miracle of Sweden, rather small country.
It look like the Space shuttle means common good air merit for gride attached. Draken is not easy to control but needs careful operation especially in landing. It was a weak point of step notched delta wing.
Draken completed with component system. So it is easy to maintainance for occupied young engineer.
Excellent STOL ability helps immediate flight and high-way landing-off/on operation.
Draken exported Austria and other some country.
Sweden could not get wide winged jet fighter. Because their hangers are tunnels drilled in rock mountains.
To get lift with short span wing, Saab attached co_delta wings for Viggen.
Thrust reverser attached for STOL ability, less than 500 meters landing. It caused Viggen as heavy and complexity plane.
Its technology and idea effected many other fighters.
"Simple is beautiful", Gripen is opposite side of Viggen. Small and light and simple.
It is not worried about 700 meter landing. There are many point of highway where this length matched.
There needs less thinness of pavement than Viggen's.
Controlled by "fly_by_wire" , and attached advanced weapon system, non-metal combinned materials used.
Such a excellent fighter could not get easy. So long time consumed.
"Zeke of present age" we think. Gripen is one of the best, I think.
It is surprised that G-91 were still active in many air forces even at some NATO countries, at the end of Year 2000.
G-91 was the winner of NATO light strike fighter competition. It was origined North American F-86K Sabre, attached recon or attack ability.
G-91 was designed by Fiat, producted both Fiat, Messerschmit, Dornier and Heinkel.
Many NATO retired G-91 were sold for the third world.
Though G-91 is museum class old fighter, it is easy to maintain, low initial/running cost, good footwork.Also many language of mannual could available. So it survive about a half century.
This attacker made for closed erea, zig-saw bordered Europe, by UK and French. Mainly invade through near land altitude to attack enemy base secretly.
It could bomb quite exactly with advanced razor weapon system.
Joint venture of UK, Deuche, Italy was multi purpose jet fighter 'Tornade'. Attached valuable wing swings 25 to 68 degree. Slust-reverser make enable to land-off 400 meter runway. It can cruise 60 meter altitude ,sursace of ground, with automatic control, near sonic speed.
Tornade ADV type developped for UK as deffencer.
Span:13.9m Length:16.7m Height:5.95m Weight empty:14t gross:28t Engine Turvo Union RB199-34R-4 4,080kg(A/B 7,260kg)*2 Cf:6.4+(1.5*2)+(1*2)kl Vmax M=2.2/11,000m 1.1/150m Zc=15,240m RC --m/min Lto:610-700m Lid:365-850m Combat radius:720nm(Hi-Lo-Hih) Range:2,100nm Armament:27mm Cannon*2 AAM*2 Bombs Max 9t+ Proto Type 1st Flight: 1974/08/14 (IDS)
Dassault Breguet Dornier Alphajet
Made by Germany and French, attacker and trainer.
This is one of my favourite fighter. Simple and chiep. But you cannot disregard Alphajet. Its dog-fight abilyty is so high that conventional MiGs coulld not chase. When any war placed on europe, there air area will filled with so much planes of many country. So sometimes all weather rader could not define enemy or friend.
At such a case, light foot work values very much.
In Germany, Alphajet used as attacker, in France it used for trainer.
Excellent Alphajet is a standard of trainer, copied by followers.
Originally developped as EAP by BAC meinly. Typhoon made by Britain, Germany, Italy and several Europe Countries and industries corresponded.
It become costful to develop alone. At same time, to produce and finish any joint venture is not easy though inner NATO.
In this case, British air industries efforted to complete this project with some helps of others.
The first flight of Lightning was 1954, Typhoon' s first flight was 1994. 40years consumed to revive supersonic pure fighter, though it was not developed individually.
Typhoon will producted over 710, and as the position of the main fighter of NATO while the first quarter of 21th Century.
EADS Mako is Supersonic trainer and lightweight multirole fighter.
Near future, a lot of needs estimated to replace F-5, F-5E, MiG-21, MiG-23 or MiG-29 in Europe, Orient, Asia and Africa.
EADS Mako is suitable choice of these customers.
They could get advanced FBW Supersonic Multirole Jet Fighter with reasonable ? cost.
Even maximum speed limited M=1.5, high maneuverity and acceleration could get sweeping victory for
those out-of-date super sonic fighters.
Modern tactics system enabled "pin-point-attack", so payload is not so mentioned but needed
excellent avionics for missile or bombs.
Span:8.25m Length:13.75m Height:4.50m Weight empty:5.8t gross:9.4t Max 13.0t Engine GE F414-GE-400 (A/B 9,8kN)*1 Cf:3.3t(+1.39t*3) Vmax M=1.5 Ceiling:15,250m Combat Range:2000nm G Limit:+9/-3 Lto:450m- Lld:750m Armament:27mm Cannon*1 7 hard points AIM-9*4 AMRAAM*4 (as expected data)
United Kingdom
Blackbern Buccaneer
Gayly area ruled body shows Buccaneer as a comical image somewhere.
But Bucaneer could bring and bomb with nuclear weapon.
That means Jet Fighters and Attackers are machine to kill human, not to revive.
B-36 "Pease Maker" looked as "Hell maker" , I think.
Similar purpose plane like A-6 Intruder, Buccaneer was strong low-altitude invader.
Though the maximum speed was not over mach 1, Buccaneer could fly without rader detection. Buccaneer colud fly faster than pilon armed usual supersonic fighter when armed only included bomb compartment.
This idea is exellent and still effective now that A-6 used over 40 years till today.
Even F-117 "Stealth" appered, many countries select Hi-Lo-Hi altitude operation with ususl air plane.
Lightning was called both masterpiiece and/or rubbish. It mainly caused that of its engine mounts plan
Acture angled main wing and combined foots refuse to attach suitable number of pillon for gas tank and AAM under the wing. So Tank attached upper of the wing, AAM attached in the pillon mounted on body.
These effots made Lightning as miserable figure.
When belly tank (called "pillow tank") make this plane like a pregnant pig. British engineers fond of crescent type wings. In this case, States engineer will adopt dog toothed wing. In Russia, they will ntroduce forder fins.
Many of Lightning stationed in Germany for deffence nuclear bombing.
Nose settled air intake prevented to include big gas tank and electric equipment.
Lightning called "tlhe last human controlled jet fighter". Then Lightning maybe the last supersonic jet fighter that Britain individually developped.
When TSR-2 prototype flied, exactly remarkable potentials appered.
It coluld fly though tree top altitude by near sonic speed.
Long ranged, STOL, side rader, speed.
TSR-2 was the top model of tactic bomber/attacker.
Those who accepted to cancel CF-105 reluctantly, could not accept to cancel TSR-2.
Even thogh TSR-2 confirmed between air force and English government,
Suddenly cancelled by the Labour Party Government.
This violence was not mean only TSR-2 defaulted, but damaged British aircraft industry gravely.
Harrier proofs that British government and NAVY had ( have? ) poor estimation ability than U.S.
They thought that the Harrier as a scrap or season good and cease a way soon.
They rather wanted to get F-4 Phantom.
At fact, U.S. organizations much efforted to develop Harrier both economic side and the technology while British acted indifferently.
When P-1127 had planned, U.S. government organization estimated the abillity of this project, then they helped with money.
When P-1127 project stopped by control problem, NASA engineers helped with their highly skills.
One day, at U.S. Marine officer room, a video watched by highest class Marine officer.
One of them said "This is what we want.".
When a air show held in Europe, two Marine officers came to Hawker exhibision corner secretly.
Hawker company had surprised, of course.
Then Marine made very hard negotiation with NAVY and the Government.
Usually, Marine aircrafts are selected by NAVY.
It is scarece or never happened that Marine named to get fighter.
Also, snob Americans could not accept to get foreign fighter for American Forces.
Marine persisted with their opinion.
Then they could get real VTOL fighter actually. It had changed footwork of Marine revolutionally.
When the Forkland war happened, Harrier was so active that no one expected before the war happened.
Argentine Mirage sometimes lost Harrier from his sight, when Harrier got best hit position.
That was the magic to use of bector thrust system.
Argentine pilots did not met such a plane move free.
Mirages easily over suted in front of Harrier.
Such a case did not writed in Argentine Air Force text book.
The other side, Mirages had not lookdown or shoot down rader system.
It effected Harrier to get advantageous fight.
Even most charactaristic dog-fighter, Tomcat, could not win Harrier by dog-fight.
Span:7.1m Length:12.8m Height:3.3m Engine RR Pegasus 8,175kg*1 Proto Type 1st Flight 1960/10/21 (Hover) (P1127)
BAe Hawk series were planned and developed for trainer which could attach some weapon systems.
Even they were subsonic airplane, over 12 countries inported for light fighter and/or attacker.
Of course, they were used as trainer, too.
Even U.S. Navy licensed as T-45 Goshawk. By Boeing company, ship-plane type reconstructed.
It have quite good footwork and liabilty, then used Royal Air Force Acrobatic Team
Hawk has many variations, to make suitable for many clients.
Hawk series were producted over 700. That certificates the excellent cost and performance of this plane.
It was the topic that Pakistan Hawk shoot down India F-104. Red heated soil and brightful sun turn Sidewinderne's seeker.
When the world war the second ended, all industries of France had damaged seriously.
It was very difficult to independent develop any jet fighters for them, in other words, almost impossible.
Not only their mind of world political balance, but also their passion determinded to made jet fighter.
The faced many difficulty. Most troubled matter was to develop powerful jet engine.
So early models of Mirage could not clear mach 2. Estimation of Mirage were "second-class fighter". France efforted very hard to get new engine.
At the stage that Mirage iii completed, World knew French get "first-class fighter".
Characteristic of Mirage is its delta wing. Delta figure earns big lift and low air registance, rather simple of no tail horizontal wing. Weak point is nervous control reasoned by no tail.
Especially, when Mirage landing, Pilot due to keep big angle to get big lift. And that time, control response reversing up to down. Forward view is worst when landing off/on.
Mirage iii had quite sharp figure and simple, light weight fighter.
It means opposite side of U.S. jet fighters.
You notice that when U.K gave up to develop CF-105 and TSR-2, Dassault continued to develop new technology.
So when Advanced Jet Industry Country U.K miss important technology, French kept it somehow or other.
When French NAVY introduced F-8U from U.S.NAVY, French air force praised its footwork and controlability. Then Mirage F-1 just shaped Mirage iii with Crusader like wings.
Sholder builded wings brings easy arming. Mechanics ought not bend their body to maintain under dark delta wing. It means that quick care abailable.
Many persons believe that "Mirage" as delta wing fighter. But Mirage have many variations. Fighter, Tactic Bomber, Recon, Big, Small, VTOL prototype. These are all "Mirage".
Revolution of materials and electronics, made Mirage as entirely refreshed delta Mirage as another level of fighter.
Mirage 2000 is one of best midium size fighter. It even sometimes comppared with F-16.
Outlook is similar to Mirage iii, only somewhere strong impression imaged.
But included fly-by-wire system attached this plane very easy control and good footwork.
Advanced weapon system brought many ability for many combat scene.
When Mirage 2000 developped, another Mirage planned. It was larger and heavy.
Occupied was Mirage 2000.
Many people thought Mirage 2000 as the complete model of delta wing fighter or Mirage.
Metallurgy evolution enabled to made compact and powerful jet engine.
Dassault finally changed series name "Mirage" to "Rafale" .
It seems to mean that new era of jet fighter begins.
Rafale is one of comprehensive of the modern technology.
Blended wings, canard, fly-by-wire, use of new materials.
Since F-8U is the span of life, so Rafale aircraft carrier model prepaired.
Rafale is top class jet fighter. It have many possibilities.
The first carrier jet attacker of French Navy was Dassault Etandard which first flight was May, 1958.
"Super" Etandard, first flew in 1974, is significally advanced variation of Etandard IV.
HUD and many avionics and Rader/Ray guide system attached as a modern carrier striker.
Super Etandard is specialist to kill enemy ships with its excellent ASM, famous "Exocet" and some guided ASM or bombs.
To say another words, "ASM Cariier" or "Ship Killer".
This was certified in Falkland War, 1982. Super Etandard exported to Argentina and Iraq.
DRAKEN
The wolf of forest, Draken was one of miracle of Sweden, rather small country.
Sweden could not get wide winged jet fighter. Because their hangers are tunnels drilled in rock mountains.
To get lift with short span wing, Saab attached co_delta wings for Viggen.
Thrust reverser attached for STOL ability, less than 500 meters landing. It caused Viggen as heavy and complexity plane.
Its technology and idea effected many other fighters.
"Simple is beautiful", Gripen is opposite side of Viggen. Small and light and simple.
It is not worried about 700 meter landing. There are many point of highway where this length matched.
There needs less thinness of pavement than Viggen's.
Controlled by "fly_by_wire" , and attached advanced weapon system, non-metal combinned materials used.
Such a excellent fighter could not get easy. So long time consumed.
"Zeke of present age" we think. Gripen is one of the best, I think.
It is surprised that G-91 were still active in many air forces even at some NATO countries, at the end of Year 2000.
G-91 was the winner of NATO light strike fighter competition. It was origined North American F-86K Sabre, attached recon or attack ability.
G-91 was designed by Fiat, producted both Fiat, Messerschmit, Dornier and Heinkel.
Many NATO retired G-91 were sold for the third world.
Though G-91 is museum class old fighter, it is easy to maintain, low initial/running cost, good footwork.Also many language of mannual could available. So it survive about a half century.
This attacker made for closed erea, zig-saw bordered Europe, by UK and French. Mainly invade through near land altitude to attack enemy base secretly.
It could bomb quite exactly with advanced razor weapon system.
Joint venture of UK, Deuche, Italy was multi purpose jet fighter 'Tornade'. Attached valuable wing swings 25 to 68 degree. Slust-reverser make enable to land-off 400 meter runway. It can cruise 60 meter altitude ,sursace of ground, with automatic control, near sonic speed.
Tornade ADV type developped for UK as deffencer.
Made by Germany and French, attacker and trainer.
This is one of my favourite fighter. Simple and chiep. But you cannot disregard Alphajet. Its dog-fight abilyty is so high that conventional MiGs coulld not chase. When any war placed on europe, there air area will filled with so much planes of many country. So sometimes all weather rader could not define enemy or friend.
At such a case, light foot work values very much.
In Germany, Alphajet used as attacker, in France it used for trainer.
Excellent Alphajet is a standard of trainer, copied by followers.
Originally developped as EAP by BAC meinly. Typhoon made by Britain, Germany, Italy and several Europe Countries and industries corresponded.
It become costful to develop alone. At same time, to produce and finish any joint venture is not easy though inner NATO.
In this case, British air industries efforted to complete this project with some helps of others.
The first flight of Lightning was 1954, Typhoon' s first flight was 1994. 40years consumed to revive supersonic pure fighter, though it was not developed individually.
Typhoon will producted over 710, and as the position of the main fighter of NATO while the first quarter of 21th Century.
EADS Mako is Supersonic trainer and lightweight multirole fighter.
Gayly area ruled body shows Buccaneer as a comical image somewhere.
But Bucaneer could bring and bomb with nuclear weapon.
That means Jet Fighters and Attackers are machine to kill human, not to revive.
B-36 "Pease Maker" looked as "Hell maker" , I think.
Similar purpose plane like A-6 Intruder, Buccaneer was strong low-altitude invader.
Though the maximum speed was not over mach 1, Buccaneer could fly without rader detection. Buccaneer colud fly faster than pilon armed usual supersonic fighter when armed only included bomb compartment.
This idea is exellent and still effective now that A-6 used over 40 years till today.
Even F-117 "Stealth" appered, many countries select Hi-Lo-Hi altitude operation with ususl air plane.
Lightning was called both masterpiiece and/or rubbish. It mainly caused that of its engine mounts plan
Acture angled main wing and combined foots refuse to attach suitable number of pillon for gas tank and AAM under the wing. So Tank attached upper of the wing, AAM attached in the pillon mounted on body.
These effots made Lightning as miserable figure.
When belly tank (called "pillow tank") make this plane like a pregnant pig. British engineers fond of crescent type wings. In this case, States engineer will adopt dog toothed wing. In Russia, they will ntroduce forder fins.
Many of Lightning stationed in Germany for deffence nuclear bombing.
Nose settled air intake prevented to include big gas tank and electric equipment.
Lightning called "tlhe last human controlled jet fighter". Then Lightning maybe the last supersonic jet fighter that Britain individually developped.
When TSR-2 prototype flied, exactly remarkable potentials appered.
It coluld fly though tree top altitude by near sonic speed.
Long ranged, STOL, side rader, speed.
TSR-2 was the top model of tactic bomber/attacker.
Those who accepted to cancel CF-105 reluctantly, could not accept to cancel TSR-2.
Even thogh TSR-2 confirmed between air force and English government,
Suddenly cancelled by the Labour Party Government.
This violence was not mean only TSR-2 defaulted, but damaged British aircraft industry gravely.
Harrier proofs that British government and NAVY had ( have? ) poor estimation ability than U.S.
They thought that the Harrier as a scrap or season good and cease a way soon.
They rather wanted to get F-4 Phantom.
At fact, U.S. organizations much efforted to develop Harrier both economic side and the technology while British acted indifferently.
When P-1127 had planned, U.S. government organization estimated the abillity of this project, then they helped with money.
When P-1127 project stopped by control problem, NASA engineers helped with their highly skills.
One day, at U.S. Marine officer room, a video watched by highest class Marine officer.
One of them said "This is what we want.".
When a air show held in Europe, two Marine officers came to Hawker exhibision corner secretly.
Hawker company had surprised, of course.
Then Marine made very hard negotiation with NAVY and the Government.
Usually, Marine aircrafts are selected by NAVY.
It is scarece or never happened that Marine named to get fighter.
Also, snob Americans could not accept to get foreign fighter for American Forces.
Marine persisted with their opinion.
Then they could get real VTOL fighter actually. It had changed footwork of Marine revolutionally.
When the Forkland war happened, Harrier was so active that no one expected before the war happened.
Argentine Mirage sometimes lost Harrier from his sight, when Harrier got best hit position.
That was the magic to use of bector thrust system.
Argentine pilots did not met such a plane move free.
Mirages easily over suted in front of Harrier.
Such a case did not writed in Argentine Air Force text book.
The other side, Mirages had not lookdown or shoot down rader system.
It effected Harrier to get advantageous fight.
Even most charactaristic dog-fighter, Tomcat, could not win Harrier by dog-fight.
BAe Hawk series were planned and developed for trainer which could attach some weapon systems.
When the world war the second ended, all industries of France had damaged seriously.
It was very difficult to independent develop any jet fighters for them, in other words, almost impossible.
Not only their mind of world political balance, but also their passion determinded to made jet fighter.
The faced many difficulty. Most troubled matter was to develop powerful jet engine.
So early models of Mirage could not clear mach 2. Estimation of Mirage were "second-class fighter". France efforted very hard to get new engine.
At the stage that Mirage iii completed, World knew French get "first-class fighter".
Characteristic of Mirage is its delta wing. Delta figure earns big lift and low air registance, rather simple of no tail horizontal wing. Weak point is nervous control reasoned by no tail.
Especially, when Mirage landing, Pilot due to keep big angle to get big lift. And that time, control response reversing up to down. Forward view is worst when landing off/on.
Mirage iii had quite sharp figure and simple, light weight fighter.
It means opposite side of U.S. jet fighters.
You notice that when U.K gave up to develop CF-105 and TSR-2, Dassault continued to develop new technology.
So when Advanced Jet Industry Country U.K miss important technology, French kept it somehow or other.
When French NAVY introduced F-8U from U.S.NAVY, French air force praised its footwork and controlability. Then Mirage F-1 just shaped Mirage iii with Crusader like wings.
Sholder builded wings brings easy arming. Mechanics ought not bend their body to maintain under dark delta wing. It means that quick care abailable.
Many persons believe that "Mirage" as delta wing fighter. But Mirage have many variations. Fighter, Tactic Bomber, Recon, Big, Small, VTOL prototype. These are all "Mirage".
Revolution of materials and electronics, made Mirage as entirely refreshed delta Mirage as another level of fighter.
Mirage 2000 is one of best midium size fighter. It even sometimes comppared with F-16.
Outlook is similar to Mirage iii, only somewhere strong impression imaged.
But included fly-by-wire system attached this plane very easy control and good footwork.
Advanced weapon system brought many ability for many combat scene.
When Mirage 2000 developped, another Mirage planned. It was larger and heavy.
Occupied was Mirage 2000.
Many people thought Mirage 2000 as the complete model of delta wing fighter or Mirage.
Metallurgy evolution enabled to made compact and powerful jet engine.
Dassault finally changed series name "Mirage" to "Rafale" .
It seems to mean that new era of jet fighter begins.
Rafale is one of comprehensive of the modern technology.
Blended wings, canard, fly-by-wire, use of new materials.
Since F-8U is the span of life, so Rafale aircraft carrier model prepaired.
Rafale is top class jet fighter. It have many possibilities.
The first carrier jet attacker of French Navy was Dassault Etandard which first flight was May, 1958.
"Super" Etandard, first flew in 1974, is significally advanced variation of Etandard IV.
HUD and many avionics and Rader/Ray guide system attached as a modern carrier striker.
Super Etandard is specialist to kill enemy ships with its excellent ASM, famous "Exocet" and some guided ASM or bombs.
To say another words, "ASM Cariier" or "Ship Killer".
This was certified in Falkland War, 1982.